When unexpected force jerks the head back, then forward the bones of the neck get pulled out of position and irritated nerves can interfere with flow of blood and transmission of nerve impulses. Pinched nerves can alter the function of body parts whose actions they govern. The muscles or the organs they transmit signals to.

Generally, prognosis for individuals with whiplash is good. The neck and head pain clears within a few months. Most patients recover within 4-6 months after the injury, however, some may continue to have residual neck pain and headaches.

Whenever the victim of whiplash puts their muscle under stress by either lifting something, maintaining a poor posture for too long a period of time, or fatigue the muscles in any way, it is common for the muscle to tighten down and put pressure on the nerve root. This will cause a flare-up in pain and the victim will have periodic discomfort due to the chronic injury.